Education Reform in Japan essays

Instruction Reform in Japan expositions The Need for Reform in Japanese Education One of the most discussed issues in present day Japan is training change. Japan is incredibly famous for its requesting instruction necessities and high scholarly guidelines. Because of modernization after World War II, the Japanese rolled out significant improvements to their training framework: secondary schools and colleges were constructed, innovative examination was supported, and necessary instruction was carefully upheld. Be that as it may, these advances have included some significant pitfalls. The Japanese school plan is long and dull; schools run for fourteen hours every day, six days per week, 250 days per year. Further more, understudies go to juku, or pack schools, to get ready for jukenjigoku, or Examination Hell; manage every day ijime, tormenting; and face a difficult measure of weight from their folks, educators and friends to adjust to severe cultural guidelines and norms. Japans instruction framework needs change that tends to these issues, and facilitates the huge measure of pressure that understudies face every day. The most significant motivation to change Japanese training is the pressure it puts on understudies. Instructors invest a dominant part of their energy busy with scholastics, which allows for showing essential human qualities or giving choices to outlet understudies pressure. Ijime, Japanese tormenting, is one of the outcomes of the exceptional condition at Japanese schools. Casualties of ijime face water torment, day by day beatings, and frightening dangers. The harassing mirrors the outrageous scholastic rivalry and the way that Japanese instructors invest more energy showing careless realities than human qualities. Nakasone, a political innovator in Japan, censures the instructors for the ascent in moral misconduct among youth. He calls attention to that because of the push to scholastically stay in front of the western world, instructors are neglecting to ingrain the customary Japanese standards of regard and control (Schoppa 1). Others point to ... <!

The Loons Free Essays

string(178) a Metis through the social dismissal which describes Manawaka’s perspective on her family:  ‘I wager you know a great deal about the forested areas and all that, eh? ’ I started respectfully. Diary of the Short Story in English 48â (Spring 2007) Varia †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Jennifer Murray Arranging Loss and Otherness in Margaret Laurence’s â€Å"The Loons† †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Electronic reference Jennifer Murray,  «Ã‚ Negotiating Loss and Otherness in Margaret Laurence’s â€Å"The Loons†Ã¢ â », Journal of the Short Story in English [Online], 48 | Spring 2007, Online since 01 juin 2009, Connection on 01 avril 2013. URL : http://jsse. revues. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Loons or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now organization/index858. html Publisher: Presses universitaires d’Angers http://jsse. revues. organization http://www. revues. organization Document accessible online on: http://jsse. revues. organization/index858. html Document naturally created on 01 avril 2013. The page numbering doesn't coordinate that of the print version.  © All rights saved Negotiating Loss and Otherness in Margaret Laurence’s â€Å"The Loons† 2 Jennifer Murray Negotiating Loss and Otherness in Margaret Laurence’s â€Å"The Loons† : p. 71-80 1 2 3 4 5 â€Å"The Loons† has a place with Margaret Laurence’s story-succession A Bird in the House which is worked around the character Vanessa MacLeod and her growing-up a very long time in the anecdotal town of Manawaka, Manitoba. Following on from the collection’s title story which has the demise of Vanessa’s father as its focal occasion, â€Å"The Loons† is set in a period before the father’s passing and is the first of three stories which manage Vanessa’s dynamic opening up to her general surroundings and her expanding consciousness of the torment, neediness and types of mistreatment outside of her family circle (Stovel 92). All the more explicitly , â€Å"The Loons† gives us Vanessa’s view of a little youngster called Piquette Tonnerre who is of Metis plunge and who amasses the social detriments of destitution, sickness, ethnic separation and being female. The story has been reprimanded for the flawed qualities connected to its utilization of Piquette as the generalization of the destined minority figure, most strikingly by Tracy Ware who asks: â€Å"To what degree [does this short story] affirm a corrupted ace account that sees Natives as survivors of a triumphant white human progress? † (71). Simultaneously, Ware perceives the â€Å"enduring feeling of [the] tasteful merit† (71) of this story which so unmistakably includes its place inside the ordinance of Canadian writing. Assessing the content against its delineation of the Metis can just prompt the negative ends that Ware shows up at, in particular, that Laurence’s â€Å"The Loons† misses the mark concerning the desires for today’s politically-cognizant peruser. What this perusing of â€Å"The Loons† doesn't consider is that the â€Å"aesthetic merit† of the story is arranged elsewhereâ€not in the picture or job of Piquette in that capacity, yet in the story’s treatment of misfortune and in the focal job of the dad in the symbolics of this specific bunch of importance. With regards to the full story-succession, misfortune and the dad would appear to be all the more normally related in â€Å"A Bird in the House,† where the demise of the dad is the focal occasion. In â€Å"The Loons,† the passing of the dad is reviewed and reactivated as an educating occasion identified with different minutes in Vanessa’s life and to her relationship to other people, Piquette bearing the heaviness of this job as ‘other’. On one levelâ€that of Vanessa’s youth impression of Piquette2â€the story is about incomprehension, misinterpretation, protectiveness and the inconceivability of correspondence between the two young ladies. However, the whole history of this bombed relationship is returned to through the describing voice of the grown-up Vanessa; in the recounting the story, she reshapes past occasions through the experience of misfortune incited by her father’s passing and contributes them with representative worth. Like the visionary and the fantasy, Vanessa’s story is more about Vanessa than about people around her; it is her endeavor to accommodate her own feeling of misfortune into a world which is, more than she knows, past her. The father’s job in giving Vanessa access to representative qualities is integral to the story; without a doubt, the first ‘event’ in the story is the father’s declaration of his anxiety (as a specialist) for the wellbeing of the youthful Piquette, who is in his consideration. Subsequent to having arranged the ground quickly, he asks his significant other: â€Å"Beth, I was thinkingâ€what about taking her up to Diamond Lake with us this late spring? Several months rest would give that bone a greatly improved chance† (110). This demonstration of social liberality, which is to include his entire family, acquaints the peruser with the father’s values; it additionally initiates the proceeding with relationship in the content between the dad and Piquette. The dad is a reference point for Piquette; she summons him to legitimize her refusal to go with Vanessa on a short walk: â€Å"Your father said I ain’t expected to do no more strolling than I got to† (113), and in later years, Piquette tells Vanessa, â€Å"Your father was the main individual in Manawaka that done anything great to me† (116). This positive evaluation of the dad is Journal of the Short Story in English, 48 | Spring 2007 Arranging Loss and Otherness in Margaret Laurence’s â€Å"The Loons† 3 6 the main shared ground between the young ladies. In light of the remark above, Vanessa â€Å"nodded quietly [†¦ ] sure that [Piquette] was talking the truth† (116). For the sake of her affection for her dad, Vanessa will make a few endeavors at drawing nearer Piquette: these endeavors are routinely met with dismissal, prompting a snapshot of harmed for Vanessa: ‘Want to come and play? ’ Piquette took a gander at me with an unexpected glimmer of disdain. ‘I ain’t a kid,’ she said. Injured, I stepped furiously away [†¦]. 112) 7 8 This example repeats twice on the accompanying page, with Piquette’s â€Å"scorn† taking on different structures â€â€Å"Her voice was distant† (113); â€Å"her enormous dim unsmiling eyes† (113)â€and her refusals getting all the more verbally forceful: â€Å"You nuts or somethin’? â €  (113); â€Å"Who gives a decent goddamn? † (114). The difficulty of sharing between the young ladies is seen both from the point of view of the kid Vanessa, who is bewildered, â€Å"wondering what I could have said wrong† (113), and from the more experienced viewpoint offered by the described development of occasions. This twofold vision permits the peruser to see the misperceptions and automatic lack of care on which Vanessa’s endeavors at correspondence are based. Where Vanessa fantasizes Piquette into â€Å"a genuine Indian† (112) and ventures onto her the information on the ‘secrets’ of nature, Piquette lives her way of life as a Metis through the social dismissal which describes Manawaka’s perspective on her family:  ‘I wager you know a great deal about the forested areas and all that, eh? ’ I started deferentially. You read The Loons in classification Papers †¦] ‘I don’t realize what in damnation you’re talkin’ about,’ she answered. [†¦] If you mean where my dad, and me, and all them live, you better shut up, by Jesus, you hear? ’ (113) 9 While the kid can't comprehend the protectiveness of Piquette, as perusers, our insight into Piquette’s social conditions, sketched out in the initial sections of the story, drives us to a positi

Essay About Myself - How to Write One

Essay About Myself - How to Write OneA lot of students think that if they are writing an essay about themselves that it is less of a real essay and more of a glorified personal statement. However, when it comes to self-promotion, self-absorption, and self-consciousness, there are no second chances.Sometimes the temptation to write an essay about myself is so strong that I end up doing it anyway. I'm not even sure why this happens to me. I try to give a sense of credibility and realism to my essay by using my actual experience, but sometimes this works against me because it almost always leaves me feeling fake.The first paragraph should speak to me and show what I'm like as a person. Often the beginning paragraph in an essay is the part that you base your entire essay on. In this case, I'd like to show how I am like a sponge. You see, when I read books and read news articles, I would notice everything about a person, what makes them different from other people, and try to find similar ities to me.A good example of this would be President Barack Obama. He is similar to a child, has similar ideas about leadership, and has also been a victim of crimes. A good writer can use the reader's imagination to connect to the readers, which is where you should begin when writing an essay about yourself.Sometimes people want to just display how great they are as a person in the very first paragraph of their essay, but you have to remember that you're writing for a different audience, one that is probably more interested in your own voice and characteristics. The person that is reading your essay is looking for a reflection of who you are.The last paragraph of the essay needs to show how your life has changed since you wrote your essay. Give yourself a little time to reflect, and it will become clear to you how to begin writing your essay about yourself in the right way.It is very easy to write an essay about myself and forget that we have to write an essay that is written for others. That's what you're writing for, so make sure that your audience knows this. That's why writing an essay about yourself can be difficult if you're used to writing in your own voice.Just remember that when you're writing an essay about yourself, you're writing for others, not yourself. They want to know the best way to tell their story, so don't try to be something that you're not.

Literary Essay on A Story of an Hour - 753 Words

â€Å"The Story of An Hour† focuses on sixty minutes in the life of a young nineteenth-century woman, Mrs. Mallard. Upon learning of her husband’s death, Mrs. Mallard experiences an epiphany about her future without a husband. Her life, due to heart problems, suddenly ends after she unexpectedly finds out her husband is actually alive. Mrs. Mallard’s actions cause the reader to cogitate a hidden meaning weaved into Kate‘s short story. Chopin had an idea that women felt confined in their marriages, and the idea is brought out through the protagonist’s initial reaction, excessive joy, and new perspective of the world following the upsetting news. The first example of the theme arises when the protagonist â€Å"wept at once, with sudden, wild†¦show more content†¦Mallard’s unexpected bout of joy also supports the theme; if she was not feeling confined, her feelings of grief would not have been replaced by excessive joy. Time moves alon g, and she continues to whisper â€Å"free! Body and soul free!† (Chopin 2). It is further understood that the character was released from a constricted marriage because the words willingly slip roll off her tongue. The last example occurs during and after Mrs. Mallard watches the â€Å"tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life† (Chopin 1). This shows that the character’s image of the world is already changed since she was informed of her husband’s death. In the twelfth paragraph, Chopin uses her character’s new perspective of the world to exemplify the confinement women felt. The character understood she had â€Å"no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself† (Chopin 2). Mrs. Mallard’s thoughts revolve around her limitations during marriage. She soon realizes that she would have â€Å"no powerful will bending hers† (Chopin 2). Mrs. Mallard was likely controlled her entire marriage; and now she is released from her husband’s dominance. Before opening the door for her sister, she was thinking about â€Å"all sorts of days that would be her own† (Chopin 2). The character looked forward t o her new life ahead of her because of the new freedom she has gained; she thought about the future that involved her freedom from marriage. Mrs. Mallard eventually says a prayer to herselfShow MoreRelated Literary Analysis: the Story of an Hour Essays645 Words   |  3 PagesWhen first reading Kate Chopins Story of an Hour, one may not typically be surprised at its ending, write it off as one of those creepy back from the dead horror stories and forget about it. There is more to this story than simply horror. The author is making a very strong, however subtle, statement towards humanity and womens rights. Through subtle symbolism, Kate Chopin shows how marriage is more like a confining role of servitude rather than a loving partnership. Mr. Mallard is assumedRead MoreLiterary Analysis- the Story of an Hour Essay1832 Words   |  8 PagesRide of Her Life In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† (1894), Kate Chopin presents a woman in the last hour of her life and the emotional and psychological changes that occur upon hearing of her husbands’ death. Chopin sends the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard, on a roller coaster of emotional up’s and down’s, and self-actualizing psychological hairpin turns, which is all set in motion by the news of her husband’s death. This extreme â€Å"joy ride† comes to an abrupt and ultimately final halt for Mrs. Mallard whenRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis on Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour 657 Words   |  3 PagesChopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† focuses on a woman named Louise Mallard and her reaction to finding out about her husband’s death. The descriptions that the author uses in the story have significance in the plot because they foreshadow the ending. This story mainly follows a woman with heart trouble. Her husband’s name appears at the top of a list of people killed in a railroad accident. The story than explains her reaction upon finding out about his death. At the end of the story, her husband (whoRead MoreSymbolism in The Story of an Hour758 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin For this lesson I read The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin. Although there are many literary devices used in The Story of an Hour, I have decided to write my essay on the use of symbolism. The literary device symbolism is a technique used to represent ideas and events by using significant or important things that stand out in the story. A few things that stood out most in the story would be the comfortable chair, and Mrs. Mallards heartRead MoreLiterature Comparison735 Words   |  3 Pagesforms of literature. They are novel, drama, poetry, biography, non-fictional prose, essay, epic and short story. All these types of literature have some elements. To complete a piece of literature, a writer, dramatist or a novelist must use certain elements like plot, character, theme, etc. to capture the interest of their readers. When reading literature, there are themes which are interpreted within the literary piece. Themes reflect innocence, experience, life, death, reality, fate, madnessRead Moreexemplification essay653 Words   |  3 PagesOct. 30, 2013 Prof. Farve Exemplification Essay Types of Irony Is it strange how love can be a source of happiness, but also cause a lot of pain? Yet people tend to search for love, and once these people find love it comes with both pleasure and ache. Irony plays a role in love because love is what people perceive as joy but also causes hurt, yet people still search for love. In Kate Chopin’s Story of an Hour, there are different forms of literary, situational, and dramatic irony used. TheRead MoreEssay about Comp and Lit Comparison of Blue+Yellow/Story of an Hour1296 Words   |  6 PagesComp amp; lit II Essay 1 In the short story â€Å"the Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and the short story â€Å"blue + yellow† by Chris Killen compare in many ways. These two stories use the same literary device strongly such as imagery. Imagery is a literary device in which the author uses words and phrases to paint a picture in the readers head throughout the story. These two short stories are written with very descriptive language to help paint a picture of the occurrences in the story and describe a sceneRead More Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 Pagesout of the American literary canon.† (http://shirleyjackson.org/Reviews.html) Jackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraft or not, but it ended up helping her write her stories http://www.literarytraveler.com/li terary_articles/shirley_jackson_bennington.aspx). A major story that throws peopleRead MoreReflection Paper : A Trip906 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst draft, I had two stories, the first being about a change of fate (Wheel of Fortune) and the second being about a past excursion (A Trip). However, after being workshopped, I realized that I had to focus on one of the stories. As such, I took into consideration what my peers thought that day and decided to expand upon my second story, originally titled â€Å"A Trip†. One of the major issues I faced when writing my stories was having a clear focus. Additionally, since each story was relatively shortRead MoreTechnology and Family Issues in The Veldt by Ray Bradbury Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"When I punished him for a month ago by locking the nursery for even a few hours—the tantrum he threw!† (Bradbury). This line of the story explains the wanting of the family’s children back against technology. It also shows that the technology is winning because of the desire to keep playing in the nursery. â€Å"The Veldt† is a short story written by Ray Bradbury who was born on August 22, 1920 and passed away on June 5, 2012. He was very interested in the science fiction genre and Edgar Allan Poe (Kattelman)

Ethics Ethics And Ethics - 1522 Words

Ethics is that subdivision of thinking that pursues to recognize the environment, resolutions, explanation, and the establishment values of ethical rubrics and the arrangements they include. Ethics contracts with morals connecting to human behavior. It emphases on the appropriateness and wrong of movements, as well as the goodness and evilness of reasons and ends. Ethics includes the choice making procedure of defining the final actions: what should I do, and is it the right thing to do? It includes how persons choose to live, how they happen in agreement with the setting, and how they live with each other when so few have so much and so many have so little. Ethics is also referred to as moral philosophy, the punishment worried with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. The term is also practical to any theoretical system of moral standards or principles. Ethics is less anxious with truthful information than with qualities and standards specifically, human behavior as it ought to be, as opposite to what it really is. Micro ethics includes a person’s opinion of what is right and wrong based on life involvements. Macro ethics involves a more global view of right and wrong. Although no person lives in a emptiness, resolving ethical dilemmas includes deliberation of ethical problems from both a micro and macro ethical viewpoint. People have different opinion when they think of life. Ethics pursues to comprehend and to control how human movements can beShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics : Ethics922 Words   |  4 Pagesand friend group to be altered. One change I was not anticipating making was my approach to ethics. Over the course of the past fifteen weeks, my knowledge of ethics as well as my approach to ethics has changed. I have become more knowledgeable about the different approaches to ethics and have gained insight as to where I stand in my approach to ethics. One thing that has changed in my approach to ethics since the beginning of the semester is I am now adamant that it is impossible to arrive at aRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Define ethics. Ethics is defined as the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of an individual or group, while business ethics refers to said behavior in the work environment. Great leaders demonstrate and practice this both personally and professionally. With today’s constant media coverage of unethical decisions and their violators, it can be easy for many to people to assume that ethics codes are â€Å"just for show†. A prime example of the unethical culture that exists in businessRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics Essay2359 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics is about how we meet the challenge of doing the right thing when that will cost more than what we want to pay.† (The Josephson Institute of Ethics) When I think about everything that I have learned within the Business Ethics class, I think of one topic – Understanding Ethics. This teaches you many things like what ethics is, how to understand right and wrong, ethical reasoning and much more. â€Å"The field of ethics is the study of how we try to live our lives according to a standard of â€Å"right†Read MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics851 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Berger who stated, â€Å"Without ethics, man has no future. This is to say , mankind without them cannot be itself. Ethics determine choices and actions and suggest difficult priorities† (Berger). His meaning behind that quote is simple. In this world is there a right and a wrong way of doing something? In this world, ethics determines our actions and the consequences that come about those actions, determining right and wrong. The real question is however, are Ethics black and white? Is what is â€Å"right†Read MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics955 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Ethics is a key moral philosophy that helps us determine what is right and wrong. This paper will talk about my views on ethics. I will share personal examples of ethical situations that I have been in. I will also share where my ethical views originated from and why ethics is important to me. Next, I will discuss how ethics will affect my career and why it will be important in it. Lastly, I will talk about the importance of ethics in the global world. Personal: In my opinion ethics is a moralRead MoreEthics And The Ethics Of Ethics929 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Nurse’s Before all parties involved can begin a working relationship, each individual should discuss and obtain a written description of the duties expected and the code of ethics that should be respected and followed; by beginning with a clear understanding of ethical values. Ethics: the study of right and wrong and how to tell the difference between them. Since ethics also means people s beliefs about right and wrong behavior, ethics can be defined as the study of ethics. EthicsRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1569 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics In Nursing Rayda M. Garcia Fairleigh Dickinson Universityâ€Æ' Ethics In Nursing The study of ethics, or applied ethics, is necessary for healthcare professionals who often face dilemmas that are not experienced by the general population. The fast-paced growth of medical technology has made the study of ethics even more relevant. The study of bioethics, or biomedical ethics, refers to moral dilemmas due to advances in medicine and medical research. Since medical law and ethics are oftenRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics775 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion to settle a shareholder lawsuit. We can refer from the two previous examples that ethics education is crucial. The main reason for ethics education is that ethics courses and training would help students, who are going to become future managers and business decision makers, to resolve such ethical dilemmas correctly. As we know that most dilemmas often have multiple decision criteria. Business ethics classes would help students to realize which decision criteria lead to a preference for aRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees that the work place ethics code forbids using work-place resources for personal financial profit. To make ethically right decision in this ethical dilemma, I will focus on the philosophers’ standpoint and reasoning of ethics of care, ethics of justice, utilitarian ethics and universal principle to analyze the situation. In this tough situation, my conclusion is that I will not report this action to the higher authority although she is violating wor k place ethics code. I will provide my reasoningRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1485 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics is a concept derived from an individual’s religion, philosophies or culture, forming a collection of moral principles carrying out the manner in which a person leads their life. In modern society philosophers divide ethical theories into three separate areas, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Meta-ethics refer to the origins and meanings of ethical principles, dealing with the nature of moral judgement. Normative ethics refers to what is right and wrong and concerned with

Pros And Cons Of The Exclusionary Rule - 1017 Words

In the United State we have many systems, like all others, it is separated the use of some irrelevant or untrustworthy evidence. The system that I am referring to and the one that we will be discussing in this paper is the exclusionary rule. It is the introduction of a good evidence, that it is obtained by a bad law enforcement, is most common in the United State than other countries legal system. To put it in other words, the exclusionary rule is controversial. Therefore, many experts say that it sets criminals free on minor points. In this paper, I will speak about the pros and cons of the exclusionary rule, how it is effecting the criminal justice system of the United State. In addition, I will speak and summarize the case of Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott from 1998, this will be a great example of the exclusionary rule and the effects about them. Furthermore, I will show how this case was important with the Exclusionary Rule, and my opinion on the matter. Arguments are powerful in the United State on the pros and cons of the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule is a tool that is used to defend the Fourth Amendment. Is an individual most powerful tool. The exclusionary rule helps ensure the unnecessary search and seizure. Another pros will be shifts the burden of proof away from the individual. There’s a term used that it is powerful when it comes to the exclusionary rule will be â€Å"innocent until proven guilty†. They are guilty when you are beingShow MoreRelatedExclusionary Rule Pros and Cons1951 Words   |  8 PagesThe reason we have rules in life are simple, to keep order when there is chaos and to guide our behavior in a way that is acceptable by society’s standards. The reason we have laws and procedures to carry out those laws are simple as well, to keep the government from infringing on its citizen’s constitutional rights. 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Promoting Cognitive Development free essay sample

Everyone has a different opinion when it comes to raising children. Most parents do not look kindly on people telling them what they are doing is wrong. There are several different theorists that developed theories on how our children grow and develop. Cognitive development is one of the main categories studied by theorists and is still a leading area of study among people today. Jean Piaget, Burrhus Skinner (B. F. Skinner), Erik Erikson, and Lev Vygotsky are four of the leading psychologists that studied cognitive development. Each had their own theory about how children develop. Studying these theories can help us to understand and aid our children’s cognitive development. Jean Piaget is considered to be the first psychologist to make a â€Å"systematic study of child development† (McLeod, 2009). Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development. According to Piaget â€Å"children are born with a very basic mental structure (genetically inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based† (McLeod, 2009). He believed that children developed in stages. These stages occur in succession and always in the same order and he suggested that â€Å"movement from one stage to the next occurred when a child reached an appropriate level of physical maturation and is exposed to relevant experiences† (Feldman, 2011, p. 142). Piaget’s stages were the sensorimotor stage (birth-2 years), the preoperational stage (2-7 years), concrete operational stage (7-11 years), and the formal operational stage (12 and up). In the sensorimotor stage of life Piaget suggested that babies know their surroundings by their movements and sensations. In this stage they develop the sense that when they do something they get a reaction such as when they cry they get picked up. Piaget discovered that babies learn through assimilation and accommodation. Piaget’s second stage, the preoperational stage, children learned language and symbolism. He believed children at this stage were egocentric and think only of themselves. The third stage is the concrete operational stage. In this stage Piaget discovered that children begin to think logically. They understand concepts like conservation. They also begin to develop reasoning. In Piaget’s fourth and final stage, formal operational stage, young adolescents begin to think abstractly. At this stage they also develop skills for thinking hypothetically. They develop more social, ethical, moral, social, and political reasoning and are able to theorize about issues. Piaget keyed the terms schemas, which is the â€Å"the basic building block of intelligent behavior,† â€Å"a set of linked mental representations of the world, which we use both to understand and to respond to situations† (McLeod, 2009). He believed we store schemas and apply them when the right situation occurs. Piaget believed that schemas were really important to cognitive development. He believed that certain schemas are genetically programed into us like the sucking reflex that babies have. Piaget’s theory on intellectual growth is through the process of assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the use of old schemas to deal with new situations. Accommodation comes next which is when the existing schema does not work we adapt it to make it work. Piaget was a pioneer in the study of child development. He changed people’s perspective on children in that they are not just less competent thinkers than adults that they actually think in different ways than adults and grow and assimilate new information. Burrhus Skinner was a behavioral theorist. He believed that it was more productive to study observable behavior rather than internal mental events. He did not believe in ages or stages instead Skinner believed that behavior is learned through causes and consequences of actions. He called his approach operant conditioning. Skinner used positive and negative reinforcements to affect behaviors. Skinner studied behavior modification which is â€Å"A formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones† (Feldman, 2011, p. 24-25). He believed that behavior that is reinforced is more likely to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforces would be avoided. Skinner believed that information should be given out in small doses that way the responses can be reinforced. According to Skinner associations between stimuli, actions, and responses could explain nearly every aspect of human behavior and interaction. This is depicted in the social-cognitive learning theory â€Å"an approach to the study of development that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model† (Feldman, 2011, p. 25) This theory states that modeling and imitation can explain why children behave the way they do. Such as when children watch a parent wash their hands after going to the bathroom the child is more likely to imitate the behavior and do the same. . Erik Erikson was a student of Freud. He believed in a lot of the same theories and principles that Freud did and like Freud and Piaget he based his theories on stages. He however developed the psychosocial theory which is â€Å"the approach to the study of development that encompasses changes in the understanding individuals have of their interactions with others, of others’ behavior, and of themselves as members of society† (Feldman, 2011, p. 22). He believed the culture had an effect on development. He put into play the importance of a more knowledgeable other, such as a parent or teacher as long as the other has more knowledge than the learner about a particular subject, task, or process. In today’s world however this more knowledgeable other can be something like electronic support devices such as leap pads. Erikson’s stages were based on social development rather than sexual development. Erikson believed â€Å"the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for the future† (McLeod, 2008). He took the stages and extended them adding three more past the age of 18 well into adulthood. Erikson’s first stage (birth- 18 months), was focused on t trust vs. mistrust in which the infant develop a sense of trust by getting their needs met or mistrust if they do not. The second stage (18 months- 3 years) was focused on autonomy vs. shame and doubt. In this stage children develop the no factor in which they are allowed to protest and say no. They develop self-sufficiency and exploration through encouragement from adults or they may develop doubt in themselves and lack of independence if they are not allowed to do things for themselves or have choices. The third stage (3-5 years) is the imitative vs. bguilt stage. In this stage Erikson believed children discover ways to start actions. Consequently they also develop guilt from their action and thoughts in this stage. The fourth stage in Erikson’s theory is the industry vs. inferiority stage (5-12 years). In this stage children develop feelings of competency or they may develop a sense of inferiority or lack of competence in themselves. The fifth stage (12-18 years) is the identity vs. role confusion. In this stage Erikson believe that adolescents develop an awareness for themselves and know their role in life. On the other hand they may be confused and not understand their role or place in life. His sixth stage (18- 40 years) is the intimacy vs. isolation stage. This stage is focused on love. Erikson believed adults found loving, sexual relationships and close friends or struggled with relationships and may develop of fear of personal relationships. His seventh stage is the generatively vs. stagnation (40- 65 years). In this stage we develop the sense that we contributed to society or that we did not. His eighth and final stage is ego-integrity vs.  despair (65+). In the last stage we contemplate whether we led a good life or we missed out on opportunities. Erikson believed that each stage posed a conflict or crisis that we must address and resolve. He explained that most issues were never fully resolved but were at least addressed and managed and carried over to the next stage in life. His research and thought are still widely used today. Mid-life crisis is a term that is commonly heard about adults around the age 40. This would be Erikson’s generatively vs. stagnation stage. He believed in Lev Vygotsky developed the sociocultural theory which is â€Å"an approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture† (Feldman, 2011, p. 30). Vygotsky believed that children developed with reciprocal transactions between the child and persons in the child’s environment such as parents, teachers, or other significant persons. He was not a stage theorists like Piaget, Freud, or Erikson. He believed that social interactions and the environment shaped a person. Such as a child who grew up with extended family around all the time would have a different view of family than someone who did not. Vygotsky believed that social learning came before development instead of the other way around like Piaget. He believed that an individual’s development cannot be understood without referencing the social and cultural environment in which they developed in. Vygotsky developed the zone of proximal development. This principle is the concept that a child can do things that they might not be able to do independently but they can with a little help. Vygotsky believed most important in a child’s life. He believed in scaffolding, which is â€Å"the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth† (Feldman, 2011, p. 229). With Scaffolding children learn to solve specific problems but it also aids in the overall cognitive development of the child. Each theorist had their own views and opinions of how children develop cognitively. Piaget, and Erikson’s theories are largely based on stages of development. Each one defining a critical age in which children develop. They all listed a certain time frame for each stage. Piaget believed that children develop through direct motor behavior. Erikson views were that both society and culture shaped us and Vygotsky thought that children develop through social reciprocal transactions between family, teachers, and other significant persons and the child. Piaget would suggest the Jacksons have a sort of hands off approach. He believed in placing children in a rich environment and letting them explore it. He believed that children should not be praised very much because they may get hooked on the praise and they may put forth the energy to impress the adults instead of into learning. He would suggest that letting the child play around and explore the environment rather than making the child sit and listen to someone teaching them. Burrhus Skinner would suggest that the Jacksons use operant conditioning with Jasmine. He believed that in order to produce optimal learning and behavior Jasmine should be rewarded and punished appropriately. When she does something good or right then she should be rewarded or praised. Likewise if she participates in a behavior that is undesirable or is wrong she should meet with negative reinforcement or be punished accordingly. Erikson’s approach would suggest that the Jacksons that they let Jasmine participate in play with other children. Like Piaget he would suggest putting the child in a rich environment and letting her play and explore. Erikson might suggest that they let Jasmine plan activities and make up games. Also he might suggest encouraging Jasmine to initiate activities with others. This would help develop her imitative and make her feel competent in her decision making skills. He might also tell them to not treat any questions Jasmine may have as trivial or a nuisance. This can cause her to feel guilty and not want to seek information. Vygotsky might suggest that the parents keep Jasmine in a social rich environment. He believes that social interaction plays a major role in cognitive development. He would encourage them to place Jasmine in a preschool in which she would learn from the teacher directly rather than exploring everything on her own. He might suggest the use of specialized electronics or computer programs to assist Jasmine in learning. He would encourage the Jacksons to help Jasmine when she needed it and nurture her learning. Keith’s advice to the Jacksons would be dependent on which theorist he identified with. If he was a behaviorist like Skinner he would suggest praise and reinforcements for Jasmine. If he identified more with cultural learning such as Vygotsky he would suggest a cultural rich environment and helping her learn. Keith’s personal views on cognitive development would be suggested to the Jacksons for use. At the preschool age society and family play a major role in Jasmine’s development. She will most likely model what she sees her parents and other adults doing. She will adapt the traditions and morals of her culture. Her family could be the determining role for her learning abilities. If they nurture her learning and provide her with the tools she needs to learn and feel competent then she will most likely thrive. If they do the opposite she is more likely to reject learning. Jasmine will begin to model things she sees in life such as her parent’s behavior as well as things she sees on television or video games. Psychologically she will begin to develop the feelings associated with actions and consequences. She will develop the feeling of guilt. Her physical environment may affect her learning abilities such as a loud or noisy environment may cause her to have more troubles learning. Psychosocial influences such as family environment will begin to affect her learning abilities as well. A positive family environment will nurture her learning and a negative one may drastically affect her learning. Cognitive development has been an area of study for decades. From the first recognized cognitive theorist Jean Piaget to the present day theorist child development has been an important area of study. Each psychologist Piaget, Skinner, Erikson, and Vygotsky had their own ideas and opinions on cognitive development throughout childhood. Whether we know it or not we typically identify with at least one of these psychologist in our view of child development. Each one brought bright ideas and intelligent answers to the way we develop cognitively. Today research is still being conducted on the cognitive development of children. Play is still being studied and is regarded as an important process for children’s cognitive development. Some research suggests â€Å"social play opportunities promote social competence in a variety of ways including strengthening skills such as sharing, perspective taking, and negotiating. Social play opportunities also enhance conflict resolution skills and enrich self-concept† (Haney Bissonnette, 2011). Child development will be a subject studied and researched for years to come. The works of Piaget, Skinner, Erikson, and Vygotsky made unbelievable progress and laid the foundation for future psychologists and the study of child development.

10 Facts for an Article Review on Social Science and Crime Prevention

10 Facts for an Article Review on Social Science and Crime Prevention The increased crime rate in the western world has been a source of concern to governments, criminologists and socially aware citizens for decades. Using the United States as an example, the number of felonies and non-violent crimes has continued to spiral out of control and this has led to high incarceration numbers in the US. The process of rehabilitation using jail time has also been ineffective as a high number of individuals who have served time in prison end up being re-incarcerated for one violation or the other while on parole. Therefore, these failures have led to society looking for alternatives to first prevent crime before the issue of rehabilitation comes up. Social science has played a huge role in studying crime, incarcerations and its effects in order to develop prevention tactics that will prove useful in reducing incarceration rates in the long run. This article will provide some facts on social science and crime prevention which you can use for literature reviews if writing on the topic of today. Note that this is the first part of a series of articles covering the subject matter of crime prevention. Therefore, you should read up on the 20 social science essay topics on crime prevention if looking for essay ideas to write on. 10 facts on social science and crime prevention: Stable family structure reduces delinquency. A Pittsburgh study on teenage delinquency showed that lack of a stable family structure was more likely to create conditions that lead to delinquent behavior than peer pressure or hanging out with delinquent peers. The study which covered children from the ages of 7 to 25 years, concluded that poor parental supervision and low parental involvement in a child’s development were important factors to be curtailed in order to prevent child delinquency and crime. Risk focused prevention techniques are more successful than incarceration. The prevention of crime takes the participation of an entire society to be successful. Therefore, identifying the key risk factors that encourages offending and implementing prevention methods to counter these factors are the best techniques to prevent crime. This means noting issues that lead to impulsiveness and criminal behavior such as drug use, alcohol abuse, failures etc. and reducing each risk factor is a better crime prevention technique than incarceration. Parent education programs reduce abuse and crime rates. Parent education programs targeted at first time parent, poor and uneducated parents and single parents has had direct impact in reducing developmental problems in infancy. A study of the Nurse-Family Partnership program in New York which provided postnatal home visits to at risk mothers, showed that postnatal visits drastically reduced child physical abuse and neglect during a child’s developmental years. The study recorded approximately 4% of physical child abuse among mothers in the postnatal program against 19% of cases among women who weren’t a part of any postnatal program. Education plays an important role in crime prevention. The importance of educating children at a young age cannot be understated if preventing future crimes is to be reduced or eliminated. A sample study conducted by the Perry Project in 1980 had chosen 123 children born by at risk parents and provided the kids with preschool education and scheduled bi-weekly visits. The corresponding follow-ups in 1995 and 2005 showed that students in the sample group recorded high literacy rates, graduated high school and a high percentage then received college degrees and were employed when compared to others not in the group. Initiating civil laws prevents crime. Civil laws are guidelines relating to non-criminal activities. These laws focus on day to day human interaction, property management and society. A study conducted in Oakland, California showed that the integration of civil activities such as inspection of drug nuisance properties, use of no trespassing signs and initiating court proceedings against erring landlords. These laws drastically reduce the sale of drugs and other criminal activities in the sample area and were more successful than field interrogations, surveillance and arrests. Improved street lighting deters criminal activities. A social science experiment conducted on the level of crimes committed in lighted and dark areas showed that the dark enables crime. The 2009 study which was conducted on 13 streets at Stoke-on-Trent UK, showed that improved lighting reduced crime in notorious communities by approximately 21%. A cost-benefit analysis also went on to note that the financial savings and security from the reduced crime status far exceeded the amount spent to light up the area. Neighbourhood watches and civil groups prevent crimes. This local citizen surveillance practice is common to communities in the United States and studies have shown that they are highly effective. These studies show that the setting up of watches, vetting new tenant and creating an inclusive society for residents have drastically reduced crime rate by 16% when compared to previous crime statistics without a neighbourhood watch. Understanding and managing mental health problems prevent crimes. The understanding of roles mental health plays in human impulsiveness, empathy levels and ability to function in society is important to crime prevention. A social study in the United Kingdom which tracked the effectiveness of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMHS) group showed that tackling child neglect, abuse and mental health issues drastically reduces the possibility of an adolescent pursuing a life of crime. Tackling unemployment is an effective crime prevention tool. Statistics show that the level of unemployment and underemployment in a society is directly proportional to the level of crime going on it. Therefore, an increased GDP, employment opportunities and a reduced poverty rate drastically prevents crime. Data from the Bureau of Labour Statistics and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have shown that the more viable options individuals have the less likely they are to be involved in criminal activities. Intervention programs are more effective in preventing crime than incarceration. Intervention programs consist of using education, employment and healthcare to combat criminal activities in adolescent and adults. A study in 2009, which made use of intervention techniques, showed that they are far more effective and less financially costly than the use of incarceration as a deterrent. The success of this study led to the abandonment of plans to build new prison by the Washington state legislature in favor of funding intervention programs. Here we come to the end of the 10 interesting facts we have on social science and crime prevention. A follow-up to help you write accurate article reviews on crime prevention will also be provided for further reading. These articles will provide topics you can choose from and directions on how to write a perfect article review on social science and crime prevention. References: Grant, B. (2009). Social crime prevention in the developing world. Fennelly, J. (2004). Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention 100,210. Sloboda, Z. (2010). Defining prevention science 23-34. Von Hirsch, A. (2000). Ethical and social perspectives on situational crime prevention. Wilson, J. Howell, C. (1993). A Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Welsh, C., Christopher, J., David, L. (2010). When Early Crime Prevention goes to Scale: A New Look at the Evidence. Prevention Science, 11, 115-125. Sherman, L. (1998). Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/171676.PDF

Jacksonian era essays

Jacksonian era essays Why the Versailles Peace Treaty did not work When World War I came to a close in mid-November of 1918, many ideas came about in Europe as to what the peace settlement should be. In Britain, leaders were thinking about how to increase British colonial power. In France, many wanted to permanently punish the Germans, partly in revenge for Germany's aggression in World War I. In Germany, citizens were worried about how radical changes after the war could affect their daily lives. Finally, in the United States, President Wilson was already putting together a system of permanently preserving European peace. All these confusion, worries, plans, and ideas came together in Paris in 1919, with the Treaty of Versailles, establishing the post-war peace in Europe. Yet just twenty years later, war would once again break out in Europe. So why were the peace settlements of World War I unable to prevent the outbreak of war twenty years later in World War II? The treaty was signed on the 28th of June 1919, it was mainly put together by David Lloyd George, representing Britain and Georges Clemenceau, representing France. Woodrow Wilson was the representative of the United States, but Wilsons fourteen points to a peaceful Europe was immediately ignored by France and Britain. The Treaty of Versailles had two main issues on which it focused: Germany's post war territory and also the amount of reparations Germany must pay. Not only were Britain and France overly nasty in assessing these reparations, but they were also blind in thinking they would receive anything beneficial out of it. In essence, Britain and France demanded all of Germany's money, nonetheless they also took away all territory from Germany that could produce this money. By taking away Germany's colonies, they, in result, eliminated all of Germany's investments and belongings in their Colonial power. Future income and i...

Response to Changing Perspective of Service in Financial Services Research Proposal

Response to Changing Perspective of Service in Financial Services Sector - Research Proposal Example The FSA has announced several measures to improve corporate governance in the financial services sector. The objective of these regulations is to increase the confidence level of the consumers about the working of the companies, taking into account the financial and non-financial aspects. Financial Services Act 1986 has been replaced by the Financial Services and Market Act 2000 with a view to tightening the controls on the financial services industry... d Market Act 2000 with a view to tightening the controls on the financial services industry, and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) exercises the statutory powers derived from this act. It is increasingly felt that the business model is based on incentives and the role of the independent financial advisors from the investors' protection point of view has become questionable. According to FSA (2010) Retail Distribution Review (RDR), launched in 2006 aims to address the problems inherent in the retail investment market, and is expected to be implemented by 2012 for regulating the sale of retail financial services such as life assurance, pensions, long term savings, and fund management, and it has a profound impact on the operations of the bigger players in the industry like Aviva. Aviva is the biggest insurance group in the UK and it is the world's sixth largest company in the insurance industry with market leadership in general insurance, fire insurance, pension, long term savings and fund management with worldwide operations. The regulatory issues are multifarious and as diversified as the industry.     

Marginal analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marginal analysis - Essay Example He begins by putting diversity into perspective and conceding that high levels of diversification brings earnings loser to economic profits of zero; at this point, economic equals accounting profits less the opportunity cost related to capital. In making the diversification move, Rudow explains that GU made two main investment decisions; the first one was to purchase Jin Xin Copper Company Ltd giving it 67% ownership through its partially owned subsidiary-Engen Investment (EI). The second was the purchase of an extra 8% through the same subsidiary from other shareholders; Gold Hero and Silver Harvest (Rudow, 2011). In this whole transaction, Rudow explains, marginal analysis compels compelled GU to evaluate the true cost each investments and make isolated judgments. Given the purchased company was Chinese, investments costs were absorbed in levels of business entities with independent costs that must all be considered to come up with real returns of which he carefully analyzed. He clarified in the article that the income statement alone cannot account for relevant costs since numerous capital allocations were buried in the balance sheet, and only by carrying out a marginal analysis, is GU able to clearly determine real returns in this diversification venture. Since recycled copper will from this deal be a primary source of revenue, GU is now able to mitigate problems from contacting biodiesel business segment. In this article, D Cohen looks at Welsh Health Planning Forum recognized 10 health gain areas with the help of marginal analysis. This analysis, he explains, examined the outcomes of changing the present balance of expenditure between the various healthcare programs. To achieve this, he further explains that resources are discharged from disinvestments to support chosen investment programs so that the entire strategy is resource neutral. The overall achievements in health benefits as a result of this strategy

The Nature of Demand for Shipping Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Demand for Shipping Essay The shipping industry is engaged in the production of water borne transport of goods and people. This industry can be defined as a group of individual industries or sectors operating within different markets and reacting to different economic conditions. The primary economic function of shipping services is, like all transport, to bridge the gap which exists between producer and consumer. Shipping is an expanding, global business which carries most of the worlds traded goods; it is relatively free of capacity constraints, and less harmful to the environment than other transport modes. The future offers substantial opportunities for the shipping industry, bringing with them the potential for significant inward investment and wider economic benefits for the world. For example if we look in to the economic contribution of shipping in UK we can see Efficient shipping is vital to our economic well-being: 95% of our external trade by weight (77% by value) and 7% of domestic freight tonnage (but around 25% in terms of tonne kilometres), moves by water. So when we will judge the nature of demand for shipping we have to look into the traditional demand supply rules of economic theory. Human wants are the core of all economic activities. This is the core of economic analysis that how people choose what needs they are going to satisfy through the use of which resources. In economics, demand means effective demand or demand that is backed by ability to pay. The demand for shipping is effective demand because it has actually been satisfied by the world fleet. Generally demands for transport results from demand for goods. Without the demand for goods there would be no demand for transport. Here transport itself is not the primary demand, its the secondary one. Where it (the demand for transport) derives from the need of goods to be transported. Thats why the demand of the mode of transport, here shipping, is a derived demand. So shipping demand is determined by the final consumers for the Product. Here the level of sea borne trade determines the number of shipping and cargo space required. For Example, after 02nd world war ,the rapid world wide industrialization, resulted in concentrated centres of production and consumption, which led to rapid growth of world trade and particularly shipping. 3 So Shipping is directly related to world trade. And world trade is directly related to world output or production. Here industrial economic development is the central factor in the volume of sea borne trade, but the volume can also be influenced by technological development and political factors. And this demand for shipping is mainly derived from two sources, the demand for the commodities for industrial utilisation and demand for those commodities for final consumption. As said before that shipping demand is an effective demand because the demand for the quantity of an economic good which can be transported by ships at each and every possible price during a given time period. And also because the shipping of commodities creates utility because it creates user value in a number of ways like 4 1. The Utility of Place and Location : Shipping makes it the availability of goods in a certain place where they are wanted. For example Australian apple or Costarican banana is available in the UK super market. 2. The Utility of Time : Shipping makes the availability of goods when they are required heating oil during the winter. 3. The Utility of Form :Shipping services contribute to make the change in the material or physical form of a good in such a way to increase its ability to satisfy wants. For example ,middle east crude oil converted to gas or petroleum in refineries adjacent to consumer markets. 4. Intangibles: Like other services, shipping service is also intangible in that it does not result in the physical production of a commodity. The growth rates of 1999 had been strongly distorted by the Asian crisis. In 2000 a sound recovery took place. Both world trade growth of 8. 0 per cent and the world output growth of 3. 0 per cent represent favourable values, but did not entirely approach to the higher levels in 1994, 1995 and 1997. For the years 2000 and 2001, OECD and other international organisations expect a growth rate of real world output of 4.3 per cent and 3. 8 per cent, respectively, with clearly higher rates for world trade, namely about 10 per cent and more than 8 per cent, respectively. This will boost especially world container shipping towards even higher growth rates5 Table 01: World Output, World trade and shipping trend 1993 to 2010. (IMF/World Bank ISL-Estimates) Source: ISL Shipping Statistics and Market Review 2000 Table 02: World merchant fleet Annual tonnage changes as of January 1st, 1987-2001 (dwt-% change) Source: ISL Shipping Statistics and Market Review 2000

Interpretation of A Feminist View on Pornography Essay -- Critique Reb

Interpretation of A Feminist View on Pornography The article that I will be breaking down in the following paper is â€Å"Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech† by Catherine A. MacKinnon. I believe the best area to start is to briefly describe MacKinnon and her article. MacKinnon is a professor of law at the University of Michigan. The article deals with the affects of pornography on society. MacKinnon feels that some pornography should be illegal. Her reason for this view is not that she finds it offensive, but rather that she considers it as a form of sexual discrimination. There are many different views on pornography ranging from the belief that it is harmless fantasy all the way to it being a prime factor of the deterioration for society. MacKinnon says that pornography subordinates women and institutionalizes male supremacy. She even goes so far as to say that it is a political practice. Advocates of pornography claim its ultimate end to be pleasure, but MacKinnon says that the actual end is power. The article will att empt to prove a correlation between pornography and the violence taken against women, as well as their social and economic inequality. I feel that the article itself is poorly written, but will attempt to make her points a little easier to understand. I feel the necessity to state that the feelings of the paper are that of my views on MacKinnon’s article. They are not my views and may in fact be, misinterpretations of her views. To spare us the confusion, I will rebut it with my views that pornography is harmless, at the end of the paper. The article starts with a brief passage on sexual equality in society. Her presentation of the argument is to explain it as if she agreed with it, only to refute it by say... ...hy. It is a genre in which men are completely subordinate, and women have all the power. Her article is so weak because it does not take that into account. I know that is only one case, but we have stated time and again that philosophy must be consistent. If she cannot/does not take dominatrix into account, then her philosophy is inconsistent. To fully explain this article and pornography would require a lengthy paper that exceeds the requirements and purpose of this prà ©cis. I will end my paper by saying that I believe everyone has a right to free speech and equality, and I appreciate the article for what it was worth, but I do not feel it is justifiable or relevant to society. She bases her entire argument on an improvable correlation of pornography and sexual discrimination. Not to mention the fact that women also buy pornography. But that is a whole other prà ©cis.

Analysis Of The Three Financial Models

IntroductionBankruptcy refers to the state of an individual who is unable to pay his or her debts and against whom a bankruptcy order has been made by a court. Such orders deprive bankrupts of their property, which is then used to pay their debts. Bankruptcy proceedings are started by a petition, which may be presented to the court by (1) a creditor or creditors; (2) a person affected by a voluntary arrangement to pay debts set up by the debtor under the Insolvency Act 1986; (3) the Director of Public Prosecutions; or (4) the debtor. (Smullen and Hand, 2003).If we assume that a corporation is a separate legal entity thus qualifying as a legal person, we can adopt the above definition to define bankruptcy in the context of the corporation or corporate bankruptcy as the state of a corporation that is unable to pay its debts and against which bankruptcy order has been made by a court. (Smullen and Hand, 2003).Analysis of the models for predicting bankruptcy.There are three main approach es to predicting bankruptcy which include: accounting analytical approach, option theoretical approach and the statistical approach. Becchetti and Sierra (2002: p. 2100).   Under the statistical approach corporate failure risk is analyzed through four widely known methods which make use of balance sheet ratios: linear or quadratic discriminate analysis, logistic regression analysis, probit regression analysis and neural network analysis.For the purposes of this paper we will limit our analysis to three basic financial models, which include the Z-Score model, the discriminant model and the Black-Scholes-Merton Probability. We also describe the application of these models in corporations.1. The Z-Score Bankruptcy Prediction ModelThe Z-score prediction model was developed by Altman in 1968. (Grice and Ingram, 2001: p. 53). The Z-score model applies multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) and employs financial ratios as input variables to predict financial distress. (Tzeng et al, 200 7: p. 297). According to Grice and Ingram (2001: p. 53), Altman (1968) used a sample of 33 non-bankrupt manufacturing firms from 1946-1965. Grice and Ingram (2001) assert that despite the fact that the z-score model exhibit high accuracy rates using both estimation and hold-out samples, (95% and 84%), its generalizability to industries and periods outside of those in the original sample has received little attention.This model has be widely used in a variety of industries to evaluate financial conditions of firms and it is continuously being used in many business situations including bankruptcy prediction and other financial stress conditions. Grice and Ingram (2001) carried out a test on the z-score model based three basic tests which include the model’s ability to predict bankruptcy today as opposed to periods in which it was developed, the usefulness of the model in predicting bankruptcy in non-manufacturing as well as manufacturing firms and its ability to predict bankrup tcy in financial stress conditions other than bankruptcy.Their findings show that although the model is useful in predicting bankruptcy as well as other financial conditions, the models accuracy is significantly lower in recent periods than that reported in the original work by Altman (1968).Grice and Ingram (2001) also find significant differences in the model’s coefficients from those reported by Altman. Based on these findings, Grice and Ingram (2001) suggest that better accuracy can be achieved by re-estimating the model coefficients using estimation from periods close to test periods. In addition Grice and Altman (2001) find that the including non-manufacturing firms in the sample, further weakens the accuracy of the model.1.1 Application of the Z-Score modelCommercial banks use the model as part of the periodic loan review process; investment bankers use the model in security and portfolio analysis. It has been employed as a management decision tool and as an analysis t ool by auditors to assess their clients’ abilities to continue as going concerns (Grice and Ingram, 2001: p. 53).2. The Black-Scholes-Merton Model.According to Reisz and Perlich (2007) following from Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974), the common stock of a firm can be seen as a standard call option on the underlying assets of the firm. It is assumed that shareholders have sold the corporation to creditors, and hold the option of buying it back by paying face value (plus interest) of their debt obligations. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). On the other hand, using put/call parity, we can see shareholders as holding the firm’s assets (bought after borrowing money from creditors) as well as a put option with exercise price equal to the face value equal to value of debt.(Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). In the event where the where the firm value is below the exercise price, that is, where the price of the firm is below the face value of the debt at maturity, share holders can freely work walk away without repaying their debt obligations. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). This is similar to selling the firm to the bondholers at the face value of the debt. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). Reisz and Perlich, (2007: p. 2) asserts that such an equity-based valuation model can lead to better bankruptcy predictions.In a study by Hillegeist et al. (2004), it was found that the probabilities of bankruptcy backed out from the a Black-Scholes-Merton structural model are up to 14 times more informative that ones inferred from accounting-based statistics such as the Altman (1968) Z-score. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). However despite the merits of this Black-Scholes-Merton model, it does not provide any rationale for observed managerial (bounded) risk choices. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 3). In addition, probabilities of default (PDs) coming from this framework are miscalibrated. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 3).3. The Mutiple Discriminant ModelMultiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is a statistical technique employed in the classification of an observation into one of several a priori groupings, dependent upon the observation’s individual characteristics. It is primarily useful in the classification and/or prediction in problems where the dependent variable appears in qualitative form for example, male or female, bankrupt or non-bankrupt. Therefore the first step is to establish explicit group classifications. The number of original groupings may be two or more.The MDA model is advantageous in that it considers the entire profile of characteristics common to the relevant firms, as well as the interaction of these properties. Conversely, a univariate study can only consider the measurement used for grouping assignments one at a time. Another important advantage of the MDA model is the reduction of the analyst’s space dimensionality.   When analysing a comprehensive list of financial ratios in assessing a firm’ s bankruptcy potential, there is reason to believe that some of the measurements will have a high degree of collinearity or correlation with each other. (Altman, 1968).3.1 Application of Multiple Discriminant ModelFollowing its first application in the 1930s, the MDA model has been used in many studies and disciplines. In its earlier days it was used only in Biology and behavioural sciences. Today, the model has been applied successfully in financial problems such as credit evaluation and investment classification. For example, Walter made use of the model to classify high and low price earnings ratio firms, and Smith applied the model in the classification of firms into standard investment categories.BIBLIOGRAPHYA market-based framework for bankruptcy prediction. Alexander S. Reisz and Claudia Perlich. Journal of Financial Stability, 2007, Pages 1-47.  A real-valued genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of support vector machine for predicting bankruptcy. Chih-Hung Wu Gwo- Hshiung Tzeng Yeong-Jia Goo   Wen-Chang Fang. Expert Systems with Applications Volume 32, 2007 Pages 397–408  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bankruptcy†Ã‚  Ã‚  A Dictionary of Finance and Banking. John Smullen and Nicholas Hand. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.   Ã‚  http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t20.e278Bankruptcy risk and productive efficiency in manufacturing firms. Leonardo Becchetti and Jaime Sierra Journal of Banking & Finance,  Volume 27, Issue 11,  November 2003,  Pages 2099-2120Tests of the generalizability of Altman’s bankruptcy prediction model. John Stephen Grice and Robert W. Ingram. Journal of Business Research Volume 54, 2001 Pages 53-61.Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. Edward I Altman. Journal of Finance, Volume 27, Issue 4, September 1968, Pages 589-689.

Gothic Elements in The Telltale Heart - 1088 Words

Gothic Elements in the â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† The classic short story of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, written by one of the all time masters of horror, Edgar Allen Poe, has always been used as an excellent example of Gothic fiction. Edgar Allen Poe specialized in the art of gothic writing and wrote many stories that portrayed disturbing events and delved deeply into the minds of its characters. In The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe revolves the plot around a raving individual who, insisting that he is sane, murders an old man because of his` â€Å"vulture eye†. The three main gothic elements that are evident in this story are the unique setting, the theme of death and decay, and the presence of madness. Unlike many other works of gothic fiction, this story†¦show more content†¦The narrator can think of nothing else but killing the old man with which he lives even though he has nothing against this man and actually doesn’t mind him. He finds the man’s eye to be so repulsive that the only way to deal with it is by destroying the old man. The eye is described as resembling â€Å"that of a vulture – a pale blue eye, with a film over it.† The narrator also describes how this eye makes him feel when he states that â€Å"I grew furious as I gazed upon it. I saw it with perfect distinctness – all a dull blue, with a hideous veil that chilled the very marrow in his bones.† This startling quote helps to deepen the story’s suspense. The theme of violence is also shown when the murderer describes what he does with the old man’s body after killing him. â€Å"First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms an d the legs.† The theme of decay is evident throughout the story as well because it is the associated process with death and because of several descriptions in the story, such as the dim lighting, the creaking door hinges, and the loose floorboards, all which can be used as evidence of decay. The old man gives the reader the image of a man whose body is aged and frail as well. The third and final element of gothic literature that can be found in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is that of the presence of madness and the thin boundary line thatShow MoreRelatedGothic Horror Stories Essay2239 Words   |  9 PagesUnlike The Red Room and The Monkey’s Paw, the setting of â€Å"The Telltale Heart is not significant to building up suspense; however there are a few elements that do. How is tension and suspense built up and maintained in at least two Gothic horror stories? The genre of Gothic Horror was developed during 19th and early 20th century and had a popular appeal to the new middle class people who sought entertainment. Gothic Horror has common characteristics of suspense, fear and would oftenRead More The Cask of Amontillado1774 Words   |  8 Pagesits predecessor. Bradbury seeks to retain Poe’s love of the double and the secretive (Gothic mentalities where the reader is meant to be a bit uncertain about what they’re reading and what’s going on) while adding, most notably regarding â€Å"TCoA,† the things Poe never had much care for: a beginning, an end, and reason—thus making â€Å"Usher II† not only an homage to Poe’s work, but a companion piece whose beating heart lies within the original work. Poe, according to Professor Epstein of the Queens CollegeRead MoreI Became Insane, With Long Intervals Of Horrible Sanity Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesI became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity. ― Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet well-known for his eerie and gothic based themes. In fact, his tales of mystery and horror were the first to give rise to detective stories. In his short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† (1843), Poe invites us to experience a sinister and mystifying murder through the mind of the murderer, the narrator himself. This self-narrated tale takes place in a house that the narrator shares with an old